Chapter Describing the Nature and Form of the Grahas — Bṛhat-Pārāśara-Horāśāstra, Adhyāya 3

ग्रहस्वरूपवर्णनाध्यायः

The complete Chapter Describing the Nature and Form of the Grahas chapter of the Bṛhat-Pārāśara-Horāśāstra — all 64 verses, each in the original Sanskrit with VedicSpace's clean-room English translation, cited by śloka. Translated from the Chaukhamba (Devachandra Jha) edition and audited against the printed plates.

Śloka colophon — Chapter colophon

इति संविमर्शसुधाख्याख्योपेतायां बृहत्पाराशरहोरायां ग्रहस्वरूपवर्णनाध्यायः समाप्तः ॥ ३ ॥

Thus ends the chapter on the description of the natures of the grahas, in the Bṛhat-Pārāśara-Horā furnished with the commentary called Saṃvimarśa-Sudhā. [Chapter] 3.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka colophon

Śloka 1 — Maitreya's satisfaction with the account of the grahas' descent

ग्रहावतारो भगवन् ! यथाऽभूत् तत्कृपालुना । यथावदुक्तं निखिलं श्रुत्वा प्रीतोऽस्मि साम्प्रतम् ॥ १ ॥

O Bhagavān! Having heard, told in full and just as it was, by you the compassionate one, how the descent (avatāra) of the grahas came about, I am now delighted.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 1

Śloka 2 — Maitreya's question: qualities and forms of the grahas

पुनः पृच्छामि सर्वज्ञ ! ब्रूहि ग्रहगणस्य तु । गुणं रूपादिकं चैव विधिवत् प्रणताय मे ॥ २ ॥

Again I ask, O all-knowing one! Tell me — bowed before you — duly and according to rule, the quality (guṇa), the form and the rest, of the company of grahas.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 2

Śloka 3 — Parāśara begins: the disposition of nakṣatras and grahas in the sky

नक्षत्राणां ग्रहाणां च यादृशी नभसि स्थितिः । कथयिष्यामि तामादौ शान्तचेता निशामय ॥ ३ ॥

What manner of station the nakṣatras and the grahas hold in the sky — that I shall relate first; listen with a tranquil mind.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 3

Śloka 4 — Definition of nakṣatra — the fixed masses of light

तेजःपुञ्जा नु वीक्ष्यन्ते गगने रजनीषु ये । नक्षत्रसंज्ञकास्ते तु न क्षरन्तीति निश्चलाः ॥ ४ ॥

Those masses of light that are seen in the sky by night are called nakṣatras; because they do not slip away (na kṣaranti) they are motionless.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 4

Śloka 5 — Definition of graha — the movers that seize the asterisms

विपुलाकारवन्तोऽन्ये गतिमन्तो ग्रहाः किल । स्वगत्या भानि गृह्णन्ति यतोऽतस्ते ग्रहाभिधाः ॥ ५ ॥

Others, of ample form and possessed of motion, are indeed the grahas; because by their own motion they seize (gṛhṇanti) the asterisms, therefore they bear the name graha.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 5

Śloka 6 — Apparent westward motion caused by the pravaha wind

पूर्वामाशां व्रजन्तोऽपि प्रवहेरितास्तु ते । पश्चिमस्यां दिशि सदा गच्छन्त इव भान्ति वै ॥ ६ ॥

Although they travel toward the eastern quarter, being driven by the pravaha wind they always appear as though going in the western direction.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 6

Śloka 7 — The 27 equal divisions of the rāśi-cakra = the nakṣatras

राशिचक्रस्य ये भागाः समाः सप्तद्विसंख्यकाः । अश्विनी-भरणीत्यादि-नाम्ना ख्याता महीतले ॥ ७ ॥

Those equal divisions of the zodiacal circle, twenty-seven in number, are renowned on earth by the names Aśvinī, Bharaṇī and so on.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 7

Śloka 8 — The 12 equal divisions = the rāśis; the grahas named Sūrya etc.

तदर्कमितभागास्तु ज्ञेया मेषादिनामकाः । राशयः स्युः सुविदिता ग्रहाः सूर्यादिसंज्ञकाः ॥ ८ ॥

Its divisions, measured as twelve, are to be known as the well-known rāśis named Meṣa and the rest; and the grahas are those designated Sūrya and so on.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 8

Śloka 9 — Definition of lagna; the grahas give all fruit

लग्नं भवति राशीनामुदयो यद्वशादिह । शुभं चाप्यशुभं सर्वं फलं ददति वै ग्रहाः ॥ ९ ॥

The rising of the rāśis here is the lagna, by force of which the grahas indeed bestow all fruit, auspicious as well as inauspicious.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 9

Śloka 10 — Alternative names to be learnt elsewhere; the nine sky-going grahas

नक्षत्राणां ग्रहाणां च संज्ञा ग्रन्थान्तराद् बुधैः । ज्ञेया, ग्रहा नव प्रोक्ताः सूर्याद्यास्तु खचारिणः ॥ १० ॥

The [other] designations of the nakṣatras and the grahas are to be learnt by the wise from other treatises. The grahas, sky-goers beginning with Sūrya, are declared to be nine.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 10

Śloka 11 — The natural malefics; Mercury made malefic by association

तत्रार्कभौमशनयो राहुकेतू निशाधिपः । क्षीणश्चैते सदा पापाः पापः पापयुतो बुधः ॥ ११ ॥

Among them the Sun, Mars and Saturn, Rāhu and Ketu, and the waning lord of night (the Moon) — these are always malefic; and Mercury, when joined to a malefic, is malefic.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 11

Śloka 12 — The benefics; lords of trikoṇa and of 3/6/11 houses

शेषाः सौम्यग्रहाः सन्ति सौम्याऽसौम्याः शुभाऽशुभाः । त्रिकोणत्रिषडायेशा विशेषात्तु शुभाऽशुभाः ॥ १२ ॥

The rest are benefic grahas. The benefics and non-benefics [give] auspicious and inauspicious [results respectively]; but the lords of the trikoṇas and the lords of the third, sixth and eleventh are especially auspicious and inauspicious [respectively].

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 12

Śloka 13 — Kāraka significations: ātmā, manas, sattva, speech

दिवाकरो हि विश्वात्मा मनः कुमुदबान्धवः । सत्त्वं कुजो बुधो वाणीदायको विबुधैः स्मृतः ॥ १३ ॥

The Sun is indeed the soul of all; the Moon, friend of the water-lily, is the mind; Mars is strength (sattva); and Mercury is remembered by the wise as the giver of speech.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 13

Śloka 14 — Kāraka significations: knowledge, semen, sorrow

देवेज्यो ज्ञानसुखदो भृगुर्वीर्यप्रदायकः । क्रूरदृग् विबुधैरुक्तश्छायासूनुश्च दुःखदः ॥ १४ ॥

Jupiter, preceptor of the gods, gives knowledge and happiness; Venus is the bestower of virility; and the son of Chāyā (Saturn), cruel of gaze, is declared by the wise to be the giver of sorrow.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 14

Śloka 15 — Royal offices of the grahas: kings, commander, prince, ministers

राजानौ भानुहिमगू नेता ज्ञेयो धरात्मजः । बुधो राजकुमारश्च सचिवौ गुरुभार्गवौ ॥ १५ ॥

The Sun and the Moon are the two kings; the son of Earth (Mars) is to be known as the commander; Mercury is the crown prince; Jupiter and Venus are the two ministers.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 15

Śloka 16 — Royal offices: servant and army; summary instruction

प्रेष्यको रविपुत्रश्च सेना स्वर्भानुपुच्छकौ । एवं क्रमेण वै विप्र ! सूर्यादींस्तु विचिन्तयेत् ॥ १६ ॥

The son of the Sun (Saturn) is the servant, and Rāhu and Ketu are the army. Thus in order, O vipra, should one reflect upon the Sun and the rest.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 16

Śloka 17 — Colours of the grahas: Sun, Moon, Mars, Mercury

रक्तश्यामो दिवाधीशो गौरगात्रो निशाकरः । नातिदीर्घः कुजो रक्तो दूर्वाश्यामो बुधस्तथा ॥ १७ ॥

The lord of day (Sun) is red-dark; the maker of night (Moon) is fair-limbed; Mars, not very tall, is red; and Mercury is dark green like dūrvā grass.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 17

Śloka 18 — Colours of the grahas: Jupiter, Venus, Saturn

गौरगात्रो गुरुर्ज्ञेयः शुक्रः श्यामस्तथैव च । कृष्णदेहो रवेः पुत्रो ज्ञायते द्विजसत्तम ! ॥ १८ ॥

Jupiter is to be known as fair-limbed, and Venus likewise as dark; the son of the Sun (Saturn) is known to be black of body, O best of the twice-born!

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 18

Śloka 19 — Presiding deities of the grahas

वह्न्यम्बुशिखिजा विष्णु-विडौजः शचिका द्विज ! । सूर्यादीनां खगानां तु देवा ज्ञेयाः क्रमेण च ॥ १९ ॥

Agni, the Waters, the son of the flame-bearer (Skanda), Viṣṇu, Indra, Śacī and Ka (Brahmā), O dvija — these are to be known as the deities of the sky-going grahas beginning with the Sun, in order.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 19

Śloka 20 — Sex of the grahas: neuter, female, male

क्लीबौ द्वौ सौम्यशौरी च युवती-न्दुभृगू द्विज ! । नराः शेषाश्च विज्ञेया भानुभौमो गुरुस्तथा ॥ २० ॥

Two are neuter — Mercury and Saturn; the Moon and Venus are female, O dvija; and the rest are to be known as male: the Sun, Mars and Jupiter.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 20

Śloka 21 — Elements (tattva) of Mars and the following grahas

अग्नि-भूमि-नभस्तोय-वायवः क्रमतो द्विज । भौमादीनां ग्रहाणां तु तत्त्वान्येतानि वै क्रमात् ॥ २१ ॥

Fire, earth, ether, water and air, in order, O dvija — these indeed are the elements of the grahas beginning with Mars, in sequence.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 21

Śloka 22 — Varṇa (caste) of the grahas

गुरुशुक्रौ विप्रवर्णौ कुजार्कौ क्षत्रियौ द्विज ! । शशिसौम्यौ वैश्यवर्णौ शनिः शूद्रो द्विजोत्तम ॥ २२ ॥

Jupiter and Venus are of brāhmaṇa varṇa; Mars and the Sun are kṣatriyas, O dvija; the Moon and Mercury are of vaiśya varṇa; Saturn is a śūdra, O best of the twice-born.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 22

Śloka 23 — Guṇa (sattva / rajas / tamas) of the grahas

सात्त्विका भानुचन्द्रेज्या राजसौ सौम्यभार्गवौ । तामसौ कुजमन्दौ तु ज्ञेया विद्वद्वरैः सदा ॥ २३ ॥

The Sun, Moon and Jupiter are sāttvika; Mercury and Venus are the two rājasa; and Mars and Saturn are the two tāmasa — thus are they always to be known by the best of the learned.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 23

Śloka 24 — Bodily description of the Sun

मधुपिङ्गलदृक् सूर्यश्चतुरस्रः शुचिर्द्विज ! । पित्तप्रकृतिको धीमान् पुमानल्पकचो द्विज ! ॥ २४ ॥

The Sun is honey-tawny of eye, square-bodied, pure, O dvija; of bilious constitution, intelligent, male, with scant hair, O dvija.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 24

Śloka 25 — Bodily description of the Moon

बहुवातकफः प्राज्ञश्चन्द्रो वृत्ततनुर्द्विज ! । शुभदृङ् मधुवाक्यश्च चञ्चलो मदनातुरः ॥ २५ ॥

The Moon is of much wind and phlegm, wise, round of body, O dvija; of auspicious gaze, sweet of speech, fickle, and afflicted by desire.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 25

Śloka 26 — Bodily description of Mars

रक्ताक्षः क्रूरहृद् भौमश्चपलोदारमूर्तिकः । पित्तप्रकृतिकः क्रोधी कृशमध्यतनुर्द्विज ! ॥ २६ ॥

Mars is red-eyed, cruel of heart, unsteady yet of generous form; of bilious constitution, wrathful, lean and of middling body, O dvija.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 26

Śloka 27 — Bodily description of Mercury

वपुः श्रेष्ठः श्लिष्टवाक् च ह्यतिहास्यरुचिर्बुधः । पित्तवान् कफवान् विप्र ! मारुतप्रकृतिस्तथा ॥ २७ ॥

Mercury is excellent of body, of ambiguous (double-meaning) speech, and greatly fond of laughter; he has bile, phlegm and likewise a windy constitution, O vipra.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 27

Śloka 28 — Bodily description of Jupiter

बृहद्गात्रो गुरुश्चैव पिङ्गलो मूर्धजेक्षणः । कफप्रकृतिको धीमान् सर्वशास्त्रविशारदः ॥ २८ ॥

Jupiter is large-limbed, tawny of hair and eye, of phlegmatic constitution, intelligent, and expert in all the śāstras.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 28

Śloka 29 — Bodily description of Venus

सुखी कान्तवपुः श्रेष्ठः सुन्दराक्षो भृगोः सुतः । कफाधिकानिलात्मा च काव्यकृद् वक्रमूर्धजः ॥ २९ ॥

The son of Bhṛgu (Venus) is happy, of lovely and excellent body, beautiful-eyed; abounding in phlegm with a windy nature, a maker of poetry, and curly-haired.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 29

Śloka 30 — Bodily description of Saturn

कृशदीर्घतनुः शौरिः पिङ्गदृष्ट्यनिलात्मकः । स्थूलदन्तोऽलसः पङ्गुः खररोमकचो द्विज ! ॥ ३० ॥

Saturn is lean and tall of body, tawny of gaze, of windy nature; thick-toothed, indolent, lame, with coarse body-hair and head-hair, O dvija.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 30

Śloka 31 — Description of Rāhu and Ketu

धूम्राकारो नीलतनुर्वनस्थोऽपि भयङ्करः । वातप्रकृतिको धीमान् स्वर्भानुस्तादृशः शिखी ॥ ३१ ॥

Rāhu is smoke-formed, blue of body, forest-dwelling and terrifying, of windy constitution and intelligent; Ketu is of like kind.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 31

Śloka 32 — The seven dhātus governed by the grahas

अस्थि रक्तस्तथा मज्जा त्वङ्मेदो वीर्यमेव च । स्नायुरेते धातवः स्युः सूर्यादीनां क्रमाद् द्विज ! ॥ ३२ ॥

Bone, blood, marrow, skin, fat, semen and sinew — these are the dhātus of the grahas beginning with the Sun, in order, O dvija.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 32

Śloka 33 — The places (sthāna) ruled by the grahas

देवालय-पयोवह्निक्रीडादीनां तथैव च । कोश-शय्याद्युत्कराणामीशाः सूर्यादयः क्रमात् ॥ ३३ ॥

Of the temple, the water-place, the fire-place, the playing-ground and the rest, and likewise of the treasury, the bed-chamber and the rubbish-heap, the lords are the grahas beginning with the Sun, in order.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 33

Śloka 34 — The units of time ruled by the grahas

अयनक्षणवारर्तु-मासपक्षसमा द्विज ! । सूर्यादीनां क्रमाज्ज्ञेया निर्विशङ्कं द्विजोत्तम ! ॥ ३४ ॥

The ayana, the moment, the weekday, the season, the month, the fortnight and the year, O dvija, are to be known without doubt as belonging to the grahas beginning with the Sun, in order, O best of the twice-born!

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 34

Śloka 35 — The six tastes (rasa) of the grahas

कटुश्च लवणस्तिक्तो मिश्रितो मधुरोऽम्लकः । कषायः क्रमशो ज्ञेयाः सूर्यादीनामिमे रसाः ॥ ३५ ॥

Pungent, salty, bitter, mixed, sweet, sour and astringent — these are to be known in order as the tastes of the grahas beginning with the Sun.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 35

Śloka 36 — Directional strength (dig-bala)

बुधेज्यौ बलिनौ पूर्वे, रविभौमौ च दक्षिणे । वारुणे सूर्यपुत्रश्च सितचन्द्रौ तथोत्तरे ॥ ३६ ॥

Mercury and Jupiter are strong in the east, the Sun and Mars in the south, the son of the Sun (Saturn) in the west (Varuṇa's quarter), and Venus and the Moon in the north.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 36

Śloka 37 — Strength by night and by day

निशायां बलिनश्चन्द्र-बुध-सौरा भवन्ति हि । सर्वदा ज्ञो बली ज्ञेयो दिने शेषा द्विजोत्तम ! ॥ ३७ ॥

By night the Moon, Mercury and Saturn are strong; Mercury is to be known as strong at all times; the rest are strong by day, O best of the twice-born!

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 37

Śloka 38 — Strength by pakṣa and by ayana

कृष्णे च बलिनः क्रूराः सौम्या वीर्ययुता सिते । सौम्यायने सौम्यखेटो बली याम्यायनेऽपरः ॥ ३८ ॥

In the dark fortnight the malefics are strong; in the bright fortnight the benefics are endowed with vigour. In the northern (Saumya) ayana the benefic graha is strong, and in the southern (Yāmya) ayana the other.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 38

Śloka 39 — Lords of year/month/day/hora; the ascending order of natural strength

अब्द-मास-दिवा-होराऽधीशास्तु बलवत्तराः । श. भौ. बु. गु. शु. सोराद्या वृद्धितो बलवत्तराः ॥ ३९ ॥

The lords of the year, the month, the day and the horā are progressively stronger. Saturn, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, the Moon and the Sun are, by increase, successively stronger.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 39

Śloka 40 — Trees produced by the grahas (1)

स्थूलान् जनयति त्वर्को दुर्भगान् सूर्यपुत्रकः । क्षीरोपेतांस्तथा चन्द्रः कटुकाद्यान् धरासुतः ॥ ४० ॥

The Sun produces stout trees, the son of the Sun (Saturn) ill-favoured ones, the Moon those full of milky sap, and the son of Earth (Mars) the pungent kinds.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 40

Śloka 41 — Trees produced by the grahas (2)

सफलानफलाञ्जीवबुधौ, पुष्पतरून् कविः । नीरसान् सूर्यपुत्रश्च एवं ज्ञेयाः खगा द्विज ! ॥ ४१ ॥

Jupiter and Mercury produce fruit-bearing and fruitless trees respectively; Venus produces flowering trees, and the son of the Sun (Saturn) sapless ones. Thus are the sky-goers to be known, O dvija.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 41

Śloka 42 — Caste of Rāhu and Ketu; the anthill as their station

राहुश्चाण्डालजातिश्च केतुर्जात्यन्तरस्तथा । शिखिस्वर्भानुमन्दानां वल्मीकं स्थानमुच्यते ॥ ४२ ॥

Rāhu is of the Cāṇḍāla caste and Ketu of mixed caste; and the anthill is said to be the station of Ketu, Rāhu and Saturn.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 42

Śloka 43 — Cloth and metal of Rāhu and Ketu

चित्रकन्था फणीन्द्रस्य, केतोश्छिद्रयुतो द्विज ! । सीसं राहोर्नीलमणिः केतोर्ज्ञेयो द्विजोत्तम ! ॥ ४३ ॥

A many-coloured patchwork rag belongs to the lord of serpents (Rāhu), and a cloth full of holes to Ketu, O dvija; lead is to be known as Rāhu's and the blue gem (sapphire) as Ketu's, O best of the twice-born!

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 43

Śloka 44 — Cloths of Jupiter, Venus, Sun and Moon

गुरोः पीताम्बरं विप्र ! भृगोः क्षौमं तथैव च । रक्तक्षौमं भास्करस्य, इन्दोः क्षौमं सितं द्विज ! ॥ ४४ ॥

Jupiter's is a yellow garment, O vipra, and Venus's likewise fine linen; the Sun's is red linen, and the Moon's white linen, O dvija.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 44

Śloka 45 — Cloths of Mercury, Mars and Saturn

बुधस्य त्वसितक्षौमं रक्तं तद्वत् कुजस्य च । वस्त्रं चित्रं शनेर्विप्र ! पट्टवस्त्रं तथैव च ॥ ४५ ॥

Mercury's is black linen, and Mars's likewise red; Saturn's cloth is many-coloured, O vipra, and likewise woven silk.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 45

Śloka 46 — Seasons of Venus, Mars/Sun, Moon and Mercury

भृगोर्ऋतुर्वसन्तश्च कुजभानोश्च ग्रीष्मकः । चन्द्रस्य वर्षा विज्ञेया शरच्चैव तथा विदः ॥ ४६ ॥

Venus's season is spring, and summer belongs to Mars and the Sun; the rains are to be known as the Moon's, and autumn likewise as Mercury's.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 46

Śloka 47 — Seasons of Jupiter and Saturn; months of Rāhu and Ketu

हेमन्तोऽपि गुरोर्ज्ञेयः शनेस्तु शिशिरो द्विज ! । अष्टौ मासाश्च स्वर्भानोः केतोर्मासद्वयं द्विज ! ॥ ४७ ॥

Early winter is to be known as Jupiter's and the cool season as Saturn's, O dvija; eight months belong to Rāhu and two months to Ketu, O dvija.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 47

Śloka 48 — Dhātu, mūla and jīva grahas

राहारपङ्गुचन्द्राश्च विज्ञेया धातुखेचराः । मूलग्रहौ सूर्यशुक्रौ अपरे जीवसंज्ञकाः ॥ ४८ ॥

Rāhu, Mars, Saturn and the Moon are to be known as the mineral (dhātu) grahas; the Sun and Venus are the root (mūla) grahas; the others are called the living (jīva) ones.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 48

Śloka 49 — Saturn as the aged graha and giver of longevity

ग्रहेषु मन्दो वृद्धोऽस्ति आयुर्वृद्धिप्रदायकः । नैसर्गिके बहुसमा ददाति द्विजसत्तम ! ॥ ४९ ॥

Among the grahas Saturn is the aged one, and the bestower of increase of longevity; in the naisargika [avasthā] he gives many years, O best of the twice-born!

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 49

Śloka 50 — Exaltation rāśis of the seven grahas

अजो वृषो मृगश्चैव कन्या कर्को झषस्तुला । सूर्यादीनां क्रमादेते गदितास्तूच्चराशयः ॥ ५० ॥

Aries, Taurus, Capricorn, Virgo, Cancer, Pisces and Libra — these are declared, in order, to be the ucca (exaltation) rāśis of the grahas beginning with the Sun.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 50

Śloka 51 — Exact degrees of exaltation; debilitation in the seventh from it

दशाशिमनुयुक्तिथ्यक्षनक्षत्रनखाः क्रमात् । भागाः, सप्तमं तेभ्यो नीचं तैरेव भागकैः ॥ ५१ ॥

Ten, three, twenty-eight, fifteen, five, twenty-seven and twenty are the degrees, in order. The seventh from those [signs] is the nīca (debilitation), at those very same degrees.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 51

Śloka 52 — Mūlatrikoṇa and own house: Sun and Moon

विंशत्यंशा रवेः सिंहे त्रिकोणमपरे गृहम् । इन्दोर्वृषेऽग्निभागास्तु तुङ्गमन्ये त्रिकोणकम् ॥ ५२ ॥

Twenty degrees of Leo are the Sun's mūlatrikoṇa; the remainder is his house. For the Moon, three degrees of Taurus are the exaltation; the rest is the trikoṇa.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 52

Śloka 53 — Mūlatrikoṇa and own house: Mars and Mercury

मेषे कुजस्य सूर्यांशास्त्रिकोणमपरे गृहम् । तिथ्यंशैः कन्यकाराशौ विदस्तुङ्गं ततः परे ॥ ५३ ॥

In Aries, twelve degrees are Mars's trikoṇa; the remainder is his house. In the sign Virgo, by fifteen degrees, is Mercury's exaltation; thereafter the rest [follow].

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 53

Śloka 54 — Mūlatrikoṇa and own house: Mercury (contd.) and Jupiter

पञ्चांशकास्त्रिकोणाख्यास्तदग्रे तद्गृहं मतम् । गुरोर्धनुषि दिग्भागैस्त्रिकोणं तत्परं गृहम् ॥ ५४ ॥

[Then] five degrees are called the trikoṇa; beyond that it is held to be his house. For Jupiter, ten degrees in Sagittarius are the trikoṇa; beyond that is his house.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 54

Śloka 55 — Mūlatrikoṇa and own house: Venus and Saturn

तुलार्धं तु त्रिकोणं स्याद् भृगोरर्धं परं गृहम् । विंशत्यंशैर्घटे शौरेस्त्रिकोणं सद्म शेषकैः ॥ ५५ ॥

Half of Libra is Venus's trikoṇa; the other half is his house. In Aquarius, by twenty degrees, is Saturn's trikoṇa; the remainder is his abode.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 55

Śloka 56 — Naisargika friendship: Sun and Moon

रवेः समो ज्ञः सितसूर्यपुत्रावरी परे ते सुहृदो भवेयुः । चन्द्रस्य नारी रविचन्द्रपुत्रौ मित्रे समाः शेषनभश्चरा स्युः ॥ ५६ ॥

For the Sun, Mercury is neutral; Venus and Saturn are the two enemies; the others are his friends. The Moon has no enemies; the Sun and Mercury are his friends, and the remaining sky-goers are neutral.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 56

Śloka 57 — Naisargika friendship: Mars and Mercury

समौ सितार्की शशिजश्च शत्रुर्मित्राणि शेषाः पृथिवीसुतस्य । शत्रुः शशी सूर्यसितौ च मित्रे समाः परे स्युः शशिनन्दनस्य ॥ ५७ ॥

For the son of Earth (Mars), Venus and Saturn are neutral, Mercury is an enemy, and the rest are friends. For the son of the Moon (Mercury), the Moon is an enemy, the Sun and Venus are friends, and the others are neutral.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 57

Śloka 58 — Naisargika friendship: Jupiter and Venus

गुरोर्ज्ञशुक्रौ रिपुसंज्ञकौ तु शनिः समोऽन्ये सुहृदो भवन्ति । शुक्रस्य मित्रे बुधसूर्यपुत्रौ समौ कुजार्याविતरावरी तौ ॥ ५८ ॥

For Jupiter, Mercury and Venus are termed enemies, Saturn is neutral, and the others are friends. For Venus, Mercury and Saturn are friends, Mars and Jupiter are neutral, and the other two are enemies.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 58

Śloka 59 — Naisargika friendship: Saturn; the scheme ascribed to Brahmā

शनेः समो वाक्पतिरिन्दुसूनुशुक्रौ च मित्रे रिपवः परेऽपि । ध्रुवं ग्रहाणां चतुराननेन शत्रुत्वमित्रत्वसमत्वमुक्तम् ॥ ५९ ॥

For Saturn, Jupiter is neutral; Mercury and Venus are friends; the others too are enemies. Thus fixedly has the enmity, friendship and neutrality of the grahas been declared by the four-faced one (Brahmā).

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 59

Śloka 60 — Tātkālika (temporary) friendship by relative position

दशायबन्धुसहजस्वान्त्यस्थास्ते परस्परम् । तत्काले सुहृदोऽन्यत्र संस्थिताः शत्रवः स्मृताः ॥ ६० ॥

Those situated in the tenth, eleventh, fourth, third, second and twelfth from one another are temporary friends at that time; those situated elsewhere are held to be enemies.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 60

Śloka 61-62 — Pañcadhā maitrī — the fivefold compounded relationship

नैसर्गिके तथा तात्कालिके मित्रेऽधिमित्रकम् । समे मित्रे च मित्रं तूभयत्राधिरिपू रिपौ ॥ ६१ ॥ समे शत्रौ शत्रुरेव शत्रौ मित्रे समः स्मृतः । एवं विचार्यं गणकैः फलं वाच्यं यथोदितम् ॥ ६२ ॥

When a graha is a friend both naturally (naisargika) and temporally (tātkālika), it becomes an adhimitra (great friend); when it is neutral (sama) [by nature] and a friend [temporally], it is a mitra; when it is an enemy in both respects, it is an adhiripu (great enemy). When it is neutral [by nature] but an enemy [temporally], it is simply an enemy; and when it is an enemy [by nature] but a friend [temporally], it is held to be sama (neutral). Thus should the calculators deliberate, and thereafter declare the results as they have been stated.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 61-62

Śloka 62 — Pañcadhā maitrī (2); instruction to astrologers

समे शत्रौ शत्रुरेव शत्रौ मित्रे समः स्मृतः । एवं विचार्य गणकैः फलं वाच्यं यथोदितम् ॥ ६२ ॥

When neutral in one and an enemy in the other, it is simply an enemy; when an enemy in one and a friend in the other, it is held to be neutral. Having thus considered, the calculators should declare the fruit as it has been stated.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 62

Śloka 63-64 — Sthāna-bala — quantum of strength by ucca, trikoṇa, svakṣetra, friend's, neutral's and inimical rāśis

स्वोच्चे शुभं बलं पूर्णं त्रिकोणे पादवर्जितम् । स्वर्क्षे दलं मित्रगेहे पादमात्रं प्रकीर्तितम् ॥ ६३ ॥ पादार्धे समभे प्रोक्तं वियन्नीचास्तशत्रुभे । तद्वदेवाशुभं ब्रूयाद् व्यत्ययेन विचक्षणः ॥ ६४ ॥

In its own ucca a graha's auspicious strength is full; in [mūla]trikoṇa it is short by a quarter; in its own rāśi it is half; and in a friend's house it is declared to be a quarter only. In a neutral's rāśi half a quarter is stated; in nīca, in combustion (asta), and in an enemy's rāśi it is zero (viyat). In just the same manner let the discerning one declare the inauspicious strength — but in the reverse order.

BPHS Adhyāya 3, śloka 63-64