Chapter on the Computation of the Planets and the Rest — Bṛhat-Pārāśara-Horāśāstra, Adhyāya 4

ग्रहादिसाधनाध्यायः

The complete Chapter on the Computation of the Planets and the Rest chapter of the Bṛhat-Pārāśara-Horāśāstra — all 46 verses, each in the original Sanskrit with VedicSpace's clean-room English translation, cited by śloka. Translated from the Chaukhamba (Devachandra Jha) edition and audited against the printed plates.

Śloka 1 — Tātkālika (moment-of-birth) reduction of planets — definition of paṅkti-kāla and sāvana iṣṭa-kāla

पञ्चाङ्गस्थो मिश्रमानकालः पङ्क्तिसमाह्वयः । सूर्योदयाद्यातकालः सावनेष्ट उदीरितः ॥ १ ॥

The mixed-reckoning time (miśramāna-kāla) that stands in the pañcāṅga bears the name paṅkti; the time elapsed from sunrise is declared to be the sāvana iṣṭa-kāla.

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 1

Śloka 2 — Yāta vs aiṣya — sign of the interval between paṅkti-kāla and iṣṭa-kāla

दिनाद्यमन्तरं यच्च तयोर्यातैष्यकं हि तत् । पङ्क्त्याधिक्ये यातसंज्ञमैष्यमिष्टेऽधिके स्मृतम् ॥ २ ॥

And whatever difference in days and so forth there is between those two, that indeed is the yāta or the aiṣya. When the paṅkti [time] is the greater, it is named yāta; when the iṣṭa [time] is the greater, it is held to be aiṣya.

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 2

Śloka 3 — Cālana-phala — the motion correction

ऋणं धनं दिनाद्यं तद् गुणितं ग्रहभुक्तिभिः । खरसैर्विहृतं लब्धमंशाद्यं चालनं फलम् ॥ ३ ॥

That [interval] in days and so forth, whether negative or positive, multiplied by the daily motions of the planets and divided by sixty — the quotient obtained, in degrees and so forth, is the cālana (motion) result.

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 3

Śloka 4 — Applying the cālana; reversal for the nodes and retrograde planets

पङ्क्तिग्रहेषु संशोध्यं योज्यं च क्रमशस्तदा । तात्कालिकग्रहा वामं पाते वक्रखगेऽपि तत् ॥ ४ ॥

Then it is to be subtracted from, or added to, the paṅkti planets respectively; [thus arise] the planets for the desired moment (tātkālika). In the case of a node (pāta) and of a retrograde planet, that [operation] is reversed.

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 4

Śloka 5 — Moon by bhayāta–bhabhoga; and the start of the Dhūma computation

नक्षत्रयातभोगाभ्यामिन्दुं संसाधयेद् बुधः । सत्र्यंशैः खीन्दुभागैर्भैश्चतुर्भिश्च युतो रविः ॥ ५ ॥

The wise man should compute the Moon by means of the elapsed and the total portions of the nakṣatra (bhayāta and bhabhoga). The Sun joined with four rāśis and with degrees [numbering] khendu together with a third —

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 5

Śloka 6 — Dhūma and Vyatīpāta (aprakāśa grahas)

धूमो नाम महादोषः सर्वकर्मविनाशकः ॥ धूमो मण्डलतः शुद्धो व्यतीपातोऽत्र दोषदः ॥ ६ ॥

— is [the upagraha] named Dhūma, a great blemish, the destroyer of all undertakings. Dhūma subtracted from the circle is here Vyatīpāta, which gives blemish.

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 6

Śloka 7 — Pariveṣa and Indracāpa

सषड्भेऽत्र व्यतीपाते परिवेषस्तु दोषकृत् । परिवेषश्च्युतश्चक्रादिन्द्रचापश्च दोषदः ॥ ७ ॥

Here, Vyatīpāta with six rāśis added is Pariveṣa, a worker of harm; and Pariveṣa removed from the circle is Indracāpa, likewise a giver of blemish.

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 7

Śloka 8 — Śikhī (Ketu-upagraha); return to the Sun

व्यंशोनात्यष्टिभागैश्च युतश्चापोऽशुभः शिखी । एकराशियुते केतौ सूर्यो राश्यादिको भवेत् ॥ ८ ॥

And Cāpa joined with degrees [numbering] atyaṣṭi, less a third, is the inauspicious Śikhī. When one rāśi is added to that Ketu, the Sun with its rāśi and the rest results.

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 8

Śloka 9 — The five aprakāśa grahas and their effect on Sun, Moon, lagna

अप्रकाशग्रहाश्चैते दोषदाः पापिनः स्मृताः । रवीन्दुलग्नगेष्वेषु वंशायुर्ज्ञाननाशनम् ॥ ९ ॥

And these are the lightless planets (aprakāśa grahas); they are held to be sinful and blemish-giving. When these stand upon the Sun, the Moon, or the lagna, there is destruction of the lineage, of the life-span, and of knowledge [respectively].

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 9

Śloka 10 — Close of the aprakāśa section; announcement of Gulika and the other kāla-upagrahas

एषां पञ्चार्कदोषाणां स्थितिः पद्मासनोदिता ॥ रविवारादिशन्यन्तं गुलिकादि निरूप्यते ॥ १० ॥

The disposition of these five solar blemishes has been declared by Padmāsana (Brahmā). Now Gulika and the rest, from Sunday through to Saturday, are set forth.

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 10

Śloka 11 — Gulika by day — the eightfold division of the daytime

दिवसानष्टधा कृत्वा वारेशाद् गणयेत् क्रमात् । अष्टमांशो निरीशः स्याच्छन्यंशो गुलिकः स्मृतः ॥ ११ ॥

Having made the daytime eightfold, one should count in order from the lord of the weekday. The eighth part is lordless; the part belonging to Saturn is known as Gulika.

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 11

Śloka 12 — The same for the night — start from the fifth lord

रात्रिमप्यष्टधा भक्त्वा वारेशात् पञ्चमादितः । गणयेदष्टमः खण्डो निरीशः परिकीर्तितः ॥ १२ ॥

Dividing the night likewise eightfold, one should count beginning from the fifth [lord counted] from the lord of the weekday. Here too the eighth segment is declared lordless.

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 12

Śloka 13 — Names of the parts: Gulika, Yamaghaṇṭaka, Mṛtyu, Kāla

शन्यंशो गुलिकः प्रोक्तो गुर्वंशो यमघण्टकः । भौमांशो मृत्युरादिष्टो रव्यंशः कालसंज्ञकः ॥ १३ ॥

Saturn's part is called Gulika, Jupiter's part is Yamaghaṇṭaka, Mars's part is declared to be Mṛtyu, and the Sun's part bears the name Kāla.

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 13

Śloka 14 — Ardhaprahara; locality correction; and the start of the Gulika-lagna method

सौम्यांशोऽर्धप्रहरकः स्पष्टः स्यात् स्वस्वदेशतः । गुलिकारम्भकालेष्ट-समयाश्रयतस्तु यत् ॥ १४ ॥

Mercury's part is Ardhaprahara. [All of these] are to be made exact according to each one's own locality. But taking the commencement-moment of Gulika as the iṣṭa-kāla —

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 14

Śloka 15 — Gulika-lagna; Māndi as its other name

लग्नं यत्साध्यते विद्धि गुलिकः स निगद्यते । नामान्तरं तु तस्यैव मान्दिरित्यभिधीयते ॥ १५ ॥

— know that the lagna which is thereby computed is what is called Gulika; and another name of that very same [point] is pronounced to be Māndi.

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 15

Śloka 16 — Prāṇapada — definition (15 palas to a rāśi)

पलैस्तु तिथिभिः प्राणपदभं समुदीरितम् । इष्टकालोद्भवं तच्च चरागद्विभगे रवौ ॥ १६ ॥

One rāśi of the prāṇapada is declared [to be measured] by fifteen palas. And that arises from the iṣṭa-kāla; when the Sun stands in a movable, a fixed (aga), or a dual sign —

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 16

Śloka 17 — Completion of the prāṇapada; and the second reduction method (ghaṭī × 4)

युतमर्के तत्त्रिकोणे स्फुटं प्राणपदं हि तत् । घटी चतुर्गुणा कार्या तिथ्याप्तैश्च पलैर्युता ॥ १७ ॥

— being added to the Sun or to its trikoṇa [sign], that indeed is the exact prāṇapada. [Again:] the ghaṭīs are to be multiplied by four and joined with the palas divided by fifteen.

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 17

Śloka 18 — Reducing the result to rāśis and degrees

दिवाकरहृता शेषं राशिश्चाथ पलात्मकम् । पूर्वशेषं द्विगुणितं लवाः स्फुटमुदीरिताः ॥ १८ ॥

Divided by twelve, the remainder is the rāśi; and the earlier remainder, which is in palas, doubled, is declared to be the exact degrees.

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 18

Śloka 19 — Where to add the result — Sun, 9th, or 5th, per the Sun's sign type

एवं राश्यंशकौ सूर्यतत्त्रिकोणभभागयोः । योजयेत् क्रमशो विज्ञ चरादौ संस्थिते रवौ ॥ १९ ॥

Thus, O wise one, one should add the rāśi and the degrees, respectively, to the rāśi-and-degree of the Sun or of its trikoṇa signs, according as the Sun stands in a movable sign and the rest.

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 19

Śloka 20 — Statement of the prāṇapada; the alternative method announced

स्फुटं राश्यादिकं प्राणपदं, तत् प्रोच्यते पुनः । स्वेष्टकालं पलीकृत्य तिथ्याप्तं भादिकं च यत् ॥ २० ॥

That is the exact prāṇapada in rāśis and so forth. It is now stated once more [by another way]: having converted one's own iṣṭa-kāla into palas and divided it by fifteen, whatever results is in rāśis and the rest —

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 20

Śloka 21 — Adding by sign-type; and the prāṇapada's good houses (begun)

चरागद्विभगे भानौ भानौ युङ् नवमे सुते । स्फुटं प्राणपदं तच्च लग्नतो नवमे सुते ॥ २१ ॥

— when the Sun is in a movable, a fixed, or a dual sign, add it to the Sun, to the ninth, or to the fifth respectively; that is the exact prāṇapada. And that [prāṇapada], standing in the ninth or the fifth from the lagna —

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 21

Śloka 22 — Phala of the prāṇapada by house

द्वितीये दशमे लाभे तुर्ये वापि शुभप्रदम् । अन्यत्र संस्थितं तच्च सुखदं नहि जन्मिनाम् ॥ २२ ॥

— or in the second, the tenth, the eleventh (lābha), or indeed the fourth, it is a bestower of good. But standing anywhere else, it is not a giver of happiness to those who are born.

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 22

Śloka 23 — Palabhā — the equinoctial midday shadow

मेषादौ सायनार्के तु दिनार्धजनिता हि या । द्वादशाङ्गुलशङ्कोर्भा पलभेत्युच्यते बुधैः ॥ २३ ॥

When the sāyana Sun is at the beginning of Meṣa, the shadow of a twelve-aṅgula gnomon cast at midday is called the palabhā by the learned.

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 23

Śloka 24 — Cara-khaṇḍas from the palabhā

त्रिष्ठा सा गुणिता दिग्भिर्भुजङ्गैर्दशभिः क्रमात् । त्रिभिर्हृताऽन्तिमगता भवेयुश्चरखण्डकाः ॥ २४ ॥

Placed in three places, it is multiplied respectively by ten (dik), by eight (bhujaṅga), and by ten; the last is [further] divided by three. These become the cara-khaṇḍas.

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 24

Śloka 25 — Laṅkodaya — rising times at the equator in vighaṭikās

लङ्कोदया विघटिका गजभान्यङ्कगोऽश्विनः । त्रिपक्षदहना एताः क्रमोत्क्रमगताः पुनः ॥ २५ ॥

The risings at Laṅkā, in vighaṭikās, are two hundred and seventy-eight, two hundred and ninety-nine, and three hundred and twenty-three; and these again are taken in direct and in reverse order.

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 25

Śloka 26 — Svodaya — local rising times from Laṅkodaya and cara

क्रमोत्क्रमस्थितैर्हीनयुताश्चरदलैस्तदा । स्वोदयाः स्युः क्रमान्मेषात्तुलादेरुत्क्रमात्तथा ॥ २६ ॥

Then, diminished and increased by the cara-portions set down in direct and in reverse order, the local rising times (svodaya) arise — for Meṣa onward in direct order, and likewise for Tulā onward in reverse order.

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 26

Śloka 27 — Lagna-sādhana — bhukta and bhogya times of the Sun's sign

स्फुटोऽर्कः सायनः कार्यो भुक्तभोग्यांशकाश्च ये । स्वीयोदयगुणा त्रिंशद्भक्ताः कालास्तदाह्वयाः ॥ २७ ॥

The exact Sun is to be made sāyana; and the elapsed and the remaining degrees, multiplied by the rising time of that same sign and divided by thirty, are the times named after them.

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 27

Śloka 28 — Subtracting bhogya-kāla and the following signs' rising times

अभीष्टनाडीपलतो भोग्यकालान् विशोधयेत् । ततश्चाग्रिमराशीनां स्वोदयांश्चाथ शेषकम् ॥ २८ ॥

From the desired time in nāḍīs and palas one should subtract the bhogya-kāla, and thereafter the rising times of the succeeding rāśis; then the remainder —

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 28

Śloka 29 — Converting the remainder into degrees; assembling the lagna

त्रिंशता गुणितं भक्तमशुद्धोदयतः फलम् । लवाद्यं सहितं मेषादिकैः शुद्धैस्तु राशिभिः ॥ २९ ॥

— multiplied by thirty and divided by the rising time of the sign that could not be subtracted (aśuddha), the result is in degrees and the rest; it is joined with the śuddha rāśis reckoned from Meṣa onward.

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 29

Śloka 30 — The bhukta method of lagna-sādhana

भुक्ते विधौ भुक्तकालान् षष्टिशुद्धेष्टकालतः । विशोध्य, गतराशीनां स्वोदयांस्तत्र शोधयेत् ॥ ३० ॥

In the bhukta method, having subtracted the bhukta-kāla from the iṣṭa-kāla taken away from sixty, one should there subtract the rising times of the rāśis already gone by.

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 30

Śloka 31 — Applying the ayanāṃśa to obtain the exact lagna; the seventh house

लवाद्यं तु फलं शुद्धमशुद्धाजादिराशितः । अयनांशविहीनं सत् स्फुटं लग्नं प्रजायते ॥ ३१ ॥ षड्राशिसहितं तच्च सप्तमं भवनं मतम् ।

But the result in degrees and the rest is subtracted from the [count of] unsubtracted rāśis reckoned from Meṣa; and being then deprived of the ayanāṃśa, the exact lagna arises. And that with six rāśis added is held to be the seventh house.

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 31

Śloka 32 — When bhukta/bhogya cannot be subtracted from the iṣṭa-kāla

स्वेष्टकालान्न संशुद्ध्येद् भुक्तं भोग्यं यदा तदा । त्रिंशता गुणितं स्वेष्टं स्वोदयाप्तं लवादिकम् ॥ ३२ ॥ यत्तद्धीनं युतं कार्यं रवौ लग्नं स्फुटं भवेत् ।

When the bhukta or the bhogya [time] cannot be subtracted from one's own iṣṭa-kāla, then one's own iṣṭa multiplied by thirty and divided by the rising time gives [a quantity] in degrees and the rest. That is to be subtracted from, or added to, the Sun, and the exact lagna results.

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 32

Śloka 33 — Unnata-kāla

द्युरात्रिगतशेषेष्टघट्योरल्पं तदुन्नतम् ॥ ३३ ॥

Of the elapsed and the remaining iṣṭa-ghaṭīs of the day or of the night, the smaller is the unnata.

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 33

Śloka 34 — Nata-kāla; the beginning of the daśama-lagna method

नतं दिननिशोरर्धमुन्नतोनं प्रकीर्तितम् । नतात्पलीकृतात्पूर्वापरस्माद् भुक्तभोग्यतः ॥ ३४ ॥

The nata is declared to be half of the day or of the night diminished by the unnata. From the nata converted into palas — eastern or western — by the bhukta or the bhogya reckoning —

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 34

Śloka 35 — Daśama-lagna (MC) and the fourth house

लङ्कोदयैः साध्यते यल्लग्नं तद्दशमाभिधम् । सषड्भे दशमे ज्ञेयं चतुर्थं द्विजसत्तम ॥ ३५ ॥

— whatever lagna is computed by means of the Laṅkā rising times, that bears the name of the tenth. And when six rāśis are added to the tenth, the fourth is to be known, O best of the twice-born.

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 35

Śloka 36 — deriving the intermediate bhāvas (2nd, 3rd, 5th, 6th) by trisection

लग्नं सुखात् सुखं कामाद् विशोध्य त्रिभिराहरेत् । एकांशं द्विगुणञ्चापि युञ्ज्याल्लग्नचतुर्थयोः ॥ ३६ ॥

Subtracting the lagna from the sukha (fourth) and the sukha from the kāma (seventh), one should divide [each remainder] by three. One such part, and likewise twice that part, should be joined to the lagna and to the fourth [respectively].

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 36

Śloka 37 — the six sandhis; deriving the remaining six bhāvas and sandhis

षड्भावाः सन्धयश्चैवं पूर्वापरयुतेर्दलात् । ससन्धयः षडेवं ते भार्धयुक्ताः परेऽपि च ॥ ३७ ॥

Thus [are obtained] the six bhāvas; and the sandhis likewise, from half the sum of the preceding and the following [bhāva]. These six together with their sandhis, when joined with half the zodiac, yield the remaining ones also.

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 37

Śloka 38 — transition: announcement of bhāva-lagna, horā-lagna, ghaṭī-lagna

अथ वक्ष्यामि ते भावलग्नादीनि द्विजोत्तम ! । यज्ज्ञानतः फलादेशे क्षमा होराविदो जनाः ॥ ३८ ॥

Now I shall declare to you the bhāva-lagna and the rest, O best of the twice-born; by the knowledge of which the people who know horā become competent in the pronouncement of results.

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 38

Śloka 39 — time-measures of bhāva-, horā- and ghaṭī-lagna

सूर्योदयात् पञ्चबाणदलैकघटिकामिताः । भावहोराघटीलग्नमितयः क्रमशो द्विज ! ॥ ३९ ॥

Reckoned from sunrise and measured by five, by half of five, and by one ghaṭikā — such, in order, O twice-born, are the measures of the bhāva-lagna, the horā-lagna and the ghaṭī-lagna.

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 39

Śloka 40 — computing the bhāva-lagna

इष्टनाडीपले पञ्चहृते राश्यादिकं फलम् । यत्तदौदयिके सूर्ये योज्यमङ्गं तु भावजम् ॥ ४० ॥

The iṣṭa-nāḍīs and palas, divided by five, give a quotient in rāśis and so forth; that quantity is to be added to the Sun at rising, and what is thus produced is the bhāva[-lagna].

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 40

Śloka 41 — computing the horā-lagna (part 1)

एवमेते पुनर्द्वाभ्यां सङ्गुण्य विभजेच्छरैः । लब्धं राश्यादिकं यत्तद्योज्यमौदयिके रवौ ॥ ४१ ॥

Again, these same [iṣṭa-nāḍīs and palas], having been multiplied by two, one should divide by the arrows [five]. Whatever is obtained in rāśis and so forth is to be added to the Sun at rising.

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 41

Śloka 42 — horā-lagna concluded; ghaṭī-lagna begun

होरालग्नं स्फुटं तत् स्याद् घटीलग्नमथोच्यते । इष्टनाडीमितान् राशीनर्केः सन्तष्टितांस्तथा ॥ ४२ ॥

That will be the true horā-lagna. Now the ghaṭī-lagna is stated: rāśis equal in number to the iṣṭa-nāḍīs, duly reduced [by twelve, are to be added] to the Sun —

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 42

Śloka 43 — computing the ghaṭī-lagna (concluded)

तत्पलार्धमितानंशानुदयार्के तु योजयेत् । भादिकं तदिदं बोध्यं घटीलग्नं सदा बुधैः ॥ ४३ ॥

And degrees equal to half of those palas one should add to the Sun at rising. This result, in rāśis and so forth, is always to be understood by the wise as the ghaṭī-lagna.

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 43

Śloka 44 — strength of a graha's result by its distance from bhāva-madhya and sandhi

पूर्णं फलं ग्रहे भावसमे शून्यं तु सन्धिगे । सन्धिद्वयान्तरगते भवेत्तद्भावजं फलम् ॥ ४४ ॥

When a graha is equal to the bhāva [i.e. at the bhāva-madhya] the result is full; when it stands at a sandhi, the result is nil. When it is placed between the two sandhis, the result arising from that bhāva comes about.

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 44

Śloka 45 — grahas beyond a sandhi; the 15-degree rule for phala-limits

सन्धिभ्यामधिके न्यूने फलमग्रिमपूर्वजम् । भावलग्नातु तिथ्यंशैः पुरः पृष्ठगतैर्द्विज ॥ ४५ ॥

When [a graha] exceeds the [closing] sandhi or falls short of the [opening] sandhi, the result is that produced by the next or by the previous [bhāva respectively]. But from the bhāva-lagna, by tithi-degrees [fifteen] gone forward and gone behind, O twice-born —

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 45

Śloka 45 (trailing unnumbered hemistich) — the points of cessation and commencement of results as the two sandhis

फलाभाव-फलारम्भौ सन्धीचापि विनिर्दिशेत् ।

— one should declare [those two points to be] the cessation of result and the commencement of result, and these two also as the sandhis.

BPHS Adhyāya 4, śloka 45 (trailing unnumbered hemistich)