The Chapter on the Allotment of Longevity (āyurdāya) — Bṛhat-Pārāśara-Horāśāstra, Adhyāya 44

आयुर्दायाध्यायः

The complete The Chapter on the Allotment of Longevity (āyurdāya) chapter of the Bṛhat-Pārāśara-Horāśāstra — all 75 verses, each in the original Sanskrit with VedicSpace's clean-room English translation, cited by śloka. Translated from the Chaukhamba (Devachandra Jha) edition and audited against the printed plates.

Śloka colophon (after 77) — Editorial colophon closing the chapter

इति सविमर्शसुधाख्योपेते बृहत्पाराशरहोराशास्त्रे आयुर्दायाध्यायः समाप्तः ॥ ४४ ॥

Thus, in the Bṛhat-Pārāśara-Horāśāstra furnished with the commentary called Sudhā together with critical discussion, the Chapter on the Allotment of Longevity is concluded. 44.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka colophon (after 77)

Śloka 1 — Maitreya's question — now teach longevity

वित्तावित्तकरौ योगौ भगवन् ! भवतोदितौ । ब्रूहि मे सम्प्रति नृणामायुर्ज्ञानं विशेषतः ॥ १ ॥

O Bhagavan! The yogas that produce wealth and that produce want have been declared by you. Now tell me, in particular, the knowledge of the lifespan of human beings.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 1

Śloka 2 — Parāśara's preamble — longevity-knowledge is rare even for the gods

शृणु मैत्रेय ! ते वच्मि लोककल्याणकारकम् । तदायुर्ज्ञानमधुना सुराणामपि दुर्लभम् ॥ २ ॥

Listen, O Maitreya! I shall now declare to you that knowledge of lifespan which brings welfare to the world — a knowledge hard to obtain even for the gods.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 2

Śloka 3 — The many divisions of āyus; Parāśara gives their essence

गदिताऽनेकधाऽनेकैर्भेदास्तस्य मुनीश्वरैः । तत्सारमधुनोद्धृत्य यथावत् कथयाम्यहम् ॥ ३ ॥

Its divisions have been declared in many ways by many lords among sages. Extracting now the essence of that, I shall relate it exactly as it is.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 3

Śloka 4 — Grahas, nakṣatras and rāśis all indicate āyus according to strength

खेटाः स्वतुङ्गनीचादिराशिस्थितिवशात् तथा । ऋक्षाणि राशयश्चायुर्दिशन्तीह यथाबलम् ॥ ४ ॥

The grahas, by virtue of their standing in their ucca, nīca and other rāśis, and likewise the nakṣatras and the rāśis, bestow lifespan here according to their strength.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 4

Śloka 5 — Announcing piṇḍāyus first

पिण्डायुरादौ तत्राहं खेटस्थित्यनुसारतः । ब्रवीम्याकर्णय मुने ! सावधानतयाऽधुना ॥ ५ ॥

Among these I shall speak first of piṇḍāyus, following the positions of the grahas. Listen now attentively, O sage!

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 5

Śloka 6 — Piṇḍāyus values for the seven grahas at ucca

क्रमशः स्वस्वतुङ्गस्थभास्करादिग्रहेषु हि । अङ्केन्दुतत्त्वतिथ्यर्कबाणेन्दिन्दुकरा नखाः ॥ ६ ॥

For the grahas beginning with the Sun, each standing in its own ucca, the amounts are in order: nineteen, twenty-five, fifteen, twelve, fifteen, twenty-one, and twenty.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 6

Śloka 7 — Half at nīca; proportion in between

आयुःपिण्डा निगदिता नीचस्थेषु तदर्धकम् । मध्ये विवेकतो ज्ञेयं स्फुटमायुःप्रमाणकम् ॥ ७ ॥

These are declared the piṇḍas of lifespan; for those standing in nīca it is half of that. In between, the exact measure of lifespan is to be known by discernment (i.e. by proportion).

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 7

Śloka 8 — Computing a graha's āyurdāya from its distance past ucca

तुङ्गशुद्धं खगं षड्भादूनं चक्राद् विशोध्य यत् । पिण्डैः संगुणितं शेषं हायना आदिमानतः ॥ ८ ॥

Having purified the graha by its ucca (i.e. subtracted its ucca from its longitude), if the result is less than six rāśis, subtract it from the circle; the remainder, multiplied by the piṇḍa, gives the years and the rest by the reckoning from the first unit.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 8

Śloka 9 — Reduction (harana) for combustion and enemy sign

अस्तंगतो ग्रहः स्वार्धमपहाय सितार्कजौ । शत्रुक्षेत्रगतस्त्र्यंशं हरेद् वक्रगतिं विना ॥ ९ ॥

A graha that has gone to setting (combustion) loses half of its own portion — excepting Venus and Saturn. One standing in an enemy's kṣetra loses a third, save when it is in retrograde motion.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 9

Śloka 10 — Cakrapāta reduction — malefics counted backward from the 12th

खगः क्रमात् समस्तार्धत्रिपादेषु रसांशकम् । क्रूरो रिष्फादुत्क्रमस्थस्तदर्धं तु हरेच्छुभः ॥ १० ॥

A cruel graha placed in the reverse order from the twelfth bhāva takes away, in order, the whole, the half, the third, the quarter, the fifth and the sixth part; a benefic takes away half of that.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 10

Śloka 11 — Only the strongest reduces when several occupy one bhāva; waning Moon not a malefic here

एकत्रैकस्त्वनेकेषु स्वभागं बलवान् हरेत् । क्षीणेन्दुरत्र विज्ञेयो पापो नैव कदाचन ॥ ११ ॥

When several are in one place, only the strongest single one takes away its own portion. Here the waning Moon is never at all to be regarded as a malefic.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 11

Śloka 12-13 — Special reduction when Sun, Mars or Saturn occupies the lagna

तनुगेऽर्के कुजे मन्दे विलग्नांशकला द्विज ! । ग्रहायुषा तु संगुण्य चक्रलिप्ताभिराहरेत् ॥ १२ ॥ शोधयेदाप्तवर्षादि स्वायुषोऽथ सदीक्षिते । तद्दलं ज्ञेयमित्येष विशेषः परिकीर्तितः ॥ १३ ॥

When the Sun, Mars or Saturn is in the lagna, O twice-born one, the kalās of the lagna's degrees should be multiplied by the graha's lifespan and divided by the minutes of the circle. Then the years and the rest so obtained are to be subtracted from that graha's own lifespan; but if the lagna is aspected by a benefic, only half of it is to be taken. Thus is this special rule declared.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 12-13

Śloka 14-15 — Lagnāyurdāya — lifespan from the lagna

लग्नाङ्कतुल्यवर्षाणि विवेकादंशकादिभिः । मासाद्याश्चेति लग्नायुः कैश्चिदुक्तं मनीषिभिः ॥ १४ ॥ सबले लग्नभेशे भ-सममंशसमोंऽशपे । मध्येऽनुपाताल्लग्नायुर्विशेषोऽयमुदीरितः ॥ १५ ॥

Years equal to the number of the lagna, and months and the rest reckoned proportionally from its degrees and so forth — this the lagnāyus, as some wise men have declared. When the lord of the lagna-rāśi is strong, [the years are] equal to the rāśi; when the lord of the aṃśa is strong, equal to the aṃśa; in between, by proportion. This special rule regarding lagnāyus has been declared.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 14-15

Śloka 16-17 — Naisargika (natural) āyus of the grahas

मुनेऽधुना निसर्गायुर्ग्रहाणां ते मयोच्यते । क्रमादिन्द्वारविच्छुक्रजीवेनशनिवत्सराः ॥ १६ ॥ भूकराङ्काः, कृतिधृती, नखाः शून्येषवः स्मृताः । जनुः समयतश्चैता निसर्गप्रभवा दशा ॥ १७ ॥

O sage, I now declare to you the natural lifespan of the grahas. In order — for the Moon, Mars, Mercury, Venus, Jupiter, the Sun and Saturn — the years are held to be: one, two, nine; twenty and eighteen; twenty; and fifty. And these, reckoned from the time of birth, are the daśās arising from nature.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 16-17

Śloka 18 — Aṃśāyurdāya — years equal to the navāṃśa

अंशायुरधुना वच्मि सलग्नद्युषदां मुने ! । ग्रहोंऽशभसमान्येव हायनानि ददाति वै ॥ १८ ॥

Now, O sage, I declare the aṃśāyus of the sky-dwellers together with the lagna. A graha gives years just equal to [the number of] the rāśi of its navāṃśa.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 18

Śloka 19 — Reducing the aṃśāyus figure to years

आदिकं खेचरं हन्यान्नागाभ्रशशिभिस्तु यत् । भगणादि, तथार्कैस्तदाब्दादिस्फुटं मतम् ॥ १९ ॥

One should multiply the graha's rāśi and the rest by one hundred and eight; what results as revolutions and so forth, divided likewise by twelve, is held to be the exact years and the rest.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 19

Śloka 20 — Same reductions apply; some add a further special rule

पिण्डायुष्यपि यथा ह्रासस्तथाऽत्रापि बुधैः स्मृतः । केचिद् वदन्ति विबुधा विशेषमपरं त्विह ॥ २० ॥

The reduction is held by the wise to apply here just as it does in piṇḍāyus. But some learned men state a further special rule in this matter.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 20

Śloka 21 — The further rule — tripling and doubling for dignity

ग्रहे स्वभोच्चे त्रिगुणं स्वनवांशे तथोत्तमे । द्विगुणं, स्वद्रेकाणेऽपि, साधितायुः स्फुटं तदा ॥ २१ ॥

When a graha is in its own sign or in its ucca, the computed lifespan is trebled; when in its own navāṃśa, or likewise in its own excellent dreṣkāṇa, it is doubled — and that then is the exact lifespan.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 21

Śloka 22 — When both conditions are met; and which reduction to take when two apply

द्वयोर्यत्र गतः खेटस्तत्रापि त्रिगुणं मतम् । ह्रासद्वयेऽधिको ग्राह्यस्तदायुः स्पष्टमीरितम् ॥ २२ ॥

Where a graha has gone to both of these, there too only the threefold is held to apply. When two reductions arise, the greater one is to be taken; that is declared the exact lifespan.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 22

Śloka 23 — Extending the method to other creatures

इत्थं चेतरजन्तूनां हत्वा तत्परमायुषा । भजेत् परायुषो नॄणां तदायुः स्पष्टमीरितम् ॥ २३ ॥

And thus, for other creatures, having multiplied by that creature's own maximum lifespan, one should divide by the maximum lifespan of human beings; the result is declared their exact lifespan.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 23

Śloka 24 — Announcing the maximum lifespans of the various species

अतः परं मुने ! नानाविधजातीयजन्मिनाम् । परमायुरहं वच्मि शृणुष्वैकाग्रमानसः ॥ २४ ॥

Hereafter, O sage, I declare the maximum lifespan of creatures born of the various kinds. Listen with a one-pointed mind.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 24

Śloka 25 — Maximum lifespan — gods, ṛṣis, and certain birds

देवतानामृषीणां च तत्रायुरमितं स्मृतम् । सहस्रं कीरबलिभुग्गृध्रकौशिकचक्रिणाम् ॥ २५ ॥

Therein the lifespan of the gods and of the ṛṣis is held to be immeasurable. A thousand years is that of the parrot, the crow, the vulture, the owl, and the cakrin.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 25

Śloka 26 — Maximum lifespan — frog, bear, hawk, forest-dweller; and the flesh-eaters

शतत्रयं भेकभल्लशशादनवनौकसाम् । सार्धैकशतमब्दानां क्रव्यादानामुदीरितम् ॥ २६ ॥

Three hundred years for the frog, the bear, the hawk and the forest-dweller. One hundred and fifty years is declared for the flesh-eaters.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 26

Śloka 27 — Maximum lifespan — humans, elephants, camel, donkey, horse

मानवानां च करिणां विंशाधिकशतं मतम् । उष्ट्रासभयोस्तत्त्वमितं तुरगजं रदाः ॥ २७ ॥

For human beings and for elephants it is held to be one hundred and twenty. For the camel and the donkey it is measured by the tattvas (twenty-five); for the horse, the teeth (thirty-two).

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 27

Śloka 28 — Maximum lifespan — bulls, buffaloes, peacocks, goats

वृषभाणां कासराणां वेदनेत्रमितं स्मृतम् । नखा अहिभुजामेवमजादीनां तु षड्दश ॥ २८ ॥

For bulls and buffaloes it is held to be measured by the Vedas and the eyes (twenty-four). Twenty for the snake-eaters (peacocks), and sixteen for goats and the like.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 28

Śloka 29 — Maximum lifespan — swans, cuckoos, dogs, pigeons, cocks, small birds

चतुर्दशमरालानां कोकिलानां शुनां तथा । कपोतानां द्वादशाब्दा अष्टौ स्युस्ताम्रचूडजाः ॥ बुद्बुदादिखगानां तु परमायुः स्मृतं नगाः ॥ २९ ॥

Fourteen for swans. For cuckoos, for dogs, and likewise for pigeons, twelve years. Eight for those born of the copper-crested one (the cock). But for the bulbul and such birds the maximum lifespan is held to be the mountains (seven).

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 29

Śloka 30 — Which of the three āyus-methods to adopt, and when

मुने ! यत्सम्प्रति मया त्रिविधं त्वायुरीरितम् । तत्रादेयं कदा किंच विद्धिरेतद् ब्रवीम्यहम् ॥ ३० ॥

O sage, the threefold lifespan I have just declared — know when and which of these is to be adopted; this I now tell you.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 30

Śloka 31 — Choosing among aṃśāyus, piṇḍāyus and naisargāyus

लग्नेशे भास्करे चेन्दौ सबले सौम्यवीक्षिते । अंशायुश्चापि पिण्डायुर्निसर्गायुः क्रमात् स्मृतम् ॥ ३१ ॥

When the lord of the lagna, being strong and aspected by a benefic, (prevails) — or (when) the Sun (is strongest), or (when) the Moon (is strongest) — then respectively the aṃśāyus, the piṇḍāyus, and the naisargāyus is held (to be the one to be taken).

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 31

Śloka 32 — When two or three are equal in strength

उभयोर्बलतुल्यत्वे योगार्धं साधितायुषोः । त्रयाणां तद्गतेस्त्र्यंशतुल्यमायुरुदीरितम् ॥ ३२ ॥

When two are equal in strength, half the sum of the two computed lifespans is taken. When all three are equal, the lifespan is declared to be equal to a third of the sum of them.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 32

Śloka 33 — Another method of computing āyus — three yogas

ब्रवीम्यथापरं चापि समाकर्णय तद् द्विज ! । लग्नेशरन्ध्रपतस्तद्वत् शशाङ्कशनितस्तथा ॥ ३३ ॥

Now I declare yet another method; hear it, O twice-born one — reckoned from the lord of the lagna and the lord of the eighth, and likewise from the Moon and Saturn.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 33

Śloka 34-35 — The three yogas named

स्पष्टमायुः कैश्चिदुक्तं होरालग्नविलग्नतः । तत्र तु प्रथमो योगो लग्नरन्ध्रपतः स्मृतः ॥ ३४ ॥ द्वितीयश्चन्द्रशनितो लग्नहोराविलग्नतः । तृतीय आयुषो योगो विज्ञेयो विबुधैः सदा ॥ ३५ ॥

By some, the exact lifespan is stated from the horā-lagna and the lagna. Among these, the first yoga is held to be from the lords of the lagna and of the eighth; the second is from the Moon and Saturn; and the third yoga of lifespan, from the lagna and the horā-lagna, is always to be known by the learned.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 34-35

Śloka 36 — Long life — both in cara, or one in sthira and one in dvisvabhāva

चरभे संस्थितौ द्वौ चेद् दीर्घमायुस्तदा स्मृतम् । स्थिरे द्विभे तथैकैकस्तत्राप्यायुस्तदेव हि ॥ ३६ ॥

If the two are both situated in a cara rāśi, long life is then held to result. Likewise if one is in a sthira and one in a dvisvabhāva rāśi, there too the lifespan is that same [long] one.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 36

Śloka 37 — Middling life — one in cara and one in sthira, or both in dvisvabhāva

चरे स्थिरे तथैकैको मध्यमायुस्तदा भवेत् । उभौ द्विभे प्रयातौ चेत् तदाप्यायुस्तु मध्यमम् ॥ ३७ ॥

If one is in a cara and one in a sthira rāśi, the lifespan is then middling. And if both have gone to a dvisvabhāva rāśi, then too the lifespan is middling.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 37

Śloka 38 — Short life — one in cara and one in dvisvabhāva, or both in sthira

चरे त्वेको द्विभे चान्यः स्थिरगौ चेदुभावपि । तदा स्वल्पायुरेव स्याज्जन्मिनो नात्र संशयः ॥ ३८ ॥

But if one is in a cara and the other in a dvisvabhāva rāśi, or if both are placed in a sthira rāśi, then the native's lifespan is short indeed — there is no doubt in this.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 38

Śloka 39 — Which yoga prevails when they disagree

योगाभ्यां वा त्रिभिर्योगैर्निष्पन्नं नेयमेव तत् । त्रयाणां तु विसंवादे होरालग्नविलग्नतः ॥ ३९ ॥

What is arrived at by two of the yogas, or by all three, is precisely what is to be accepted. But when the three disagree, [take] that from the horā-lagna and the lagna.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 39

Śloka 40 — Exception when the Moon is in the lagna or the seventh; and kakṣyā

विधौ तनौ मदे वापि चन्द्रार्किजनितं तदा । कक्ष्याया ह्रासवृद्धी च चिन्तनीये प्रयत्नतः ॥ ४० ॥

If, in that case (of disagreement among the three), the Moon is in the lagna or else in the seventh, then that which is produced from the Moon and Saturn is to be taken. And the diminution and increase of the kakṣyā are to be considered with effort.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 40

Śloka 41 — Year-totals for long life

दीर्घायुषि त्रिभिर्योगैर्विंशोत्तरशताब्दकाः । योगाभ्यां नागककुभो रसाङ्का एकयोगतः ॥ ४१ ॥

For long life indicated by all three yogas, one hundred and twenty years. By two yogas, one hundred and eight; by a single yoga, ninety-six.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 41

Śloka 42 — Year-totals for middling life

मध्यमे तु त्रिभिर्योगैरशीति-समवत्सराः । द्विसप्ततिस्तु योगाभ्यां चतुःषष्टिस्तथैकतः ॥ ४२ ॥

For middling life by all three yogas, eighty years; by two yogas, seventy-two; and by one, sixty-four.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 42

Śloka 43 — Year-totals for short life

योगैस्त्रिभिस्तथाल्पे तु द्वात्रिंशत्समवत्सराः । रसाग्नयस्तु योगाभ्यां शून्यवेदास्तथैकतः ॥ ४३ ॥

So too for short life: by all three yogas, thirty-two years; by two yogas, thirty-six; and by one, forty.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 43

Śloka 44 — The khaṇḍas (divisors) used in computing āyus

चत्वारिंशच्च षट्त्रिंशद् द्वात्रिंशच्च बुधैः क्रमात् । दीर्घमध्याल्पका ज्ञेयाः खण्डा आयुःप्रसाधने ॥ ४४ ॥

Forty, thirty-six and thirty-two are, in order, to be known by the wise as the khaṇḍas — the long, middling and short — in the computation of lifespan.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 44

Śloka 45 — Full āyus at the start of a rāśi, loss of a khaṇḍa at its end

राश्यादौ पूर्णमायुः स्यादन्ते खण्डसमा क्षतिः । मध्येऽनुपातजनिता क्षतिर्बोध्याऽन्यदा पुनः ॥ ४५ ॥

At the beginning of a rāśi the lifespan is full; at its end the loss equals the khaṇḍa. In between, and in other cases, the loss is to be understood as produced by proportion.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 45

Śloka 46 — The exact computation of the loss from the yoga-causing grahas

योगकृद्ग्रहभागानां योगे तत्संख्ययोद्धृते । आप्तभागा यथालब्धखण्डेन गुणिता हृता ॥ ४६ ॥ त्रिंशता प्राप्तवर्षाद्यैरूनं स्पष्टायुरीरितम् ।

The sum of the degrees of the grahas that cause the yoga, divided by their number — the degrees so obtained, multiplied by the khaṇḍa as obtained, and divided by thirty; the [total] diminished by the years and the rest thus arrived at is declared the exact lifespan.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 46

Śloka 47 — Saturn as yogakāraka — decrease of the kakṣyā (longevity quota); exceptions

मन्दे योगकरे कक्ष्याह्रासो वृद्धिर्मता परैः । नहि स्वभोच्चगे नो वा क्रूरमात्रान्वितेक्षिते ॥ ४७ ॥

When Saturn (manda) is the yogakāraka there is a diminution of the kakṣyā; by others (paraiḥ) an increase is held. But not so when he occupies his own sign or his ucca, nor when he is conjoined with or aspected by malefics only.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 47

Śloka 48 — Jupiter in lagna or 7th with benefics only — increase of the kakṣyā

गुरौ विलग्नमदगे केवलं सद्युतेक्षिते । कक्ष्योपचितिरुक्तस्यायुषो जायेत सत्तम ॥ ४८ ॥

When Jupiter occupies the lagna or the seventh (mada) and is conjoined with or aspected by benefics only, there arises an augmentation of the kakṣyā of the longevity that has been stated, O best of men.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 48

Śloka 49 — How the kakṣyā-increase steps the longevity class upward

निरायुष्यल्पमायुः स्यादल्पायुषि तु मध्यमम् । मध्यमायुषि दीर्घं च दीर्घायुष्यमितं मतम् ॥ ४९ ॥

In a case of no-longevity (nirāyus) it becomes short longevity; in short longevity, middling; in middling longevity, long; and in long longevity, unlimited (amita) is held.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 49

Śloka 50 — Jupiter yogakāraka = kakṣyā increase; Saturn yogakāraka = kakṣyā decrease

कक्ष्यावृद्धिर्गुरौ त्वेवं जायते योगकारके । अतो विपर्ययेणैव कक्ष्याह्रासोऽर्कजे मतः ॥ ५० ॥

Thus increase of the kakṣyā arises when Jupiter is the yogakāraka; and hence, by exactly the reverse, diminution of the kakṣyā is held when Saturn (arkaja, the Sun's son) is so.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 50

Śloka 51 — Maitreya's question — how many kinds of longevity, and when anāyus / adhikāyus

भगवन्नायुषो नानाभेदास्तु भवतोदिताः । कियन्तस्ते कदाऽनायुरधिकायुश्च जातकः ॥ ५१ ॥

Maitreya said: O Bhagavan, the manifold divisions of longevity have been declared by you. How many are they, and when is the native one of no-longevity (anāyus), and when of excess longevity (adhikāyus)?

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 51

Śloka 52 — Longevity is sevenfold — the seven āyurdāya classes

सप्तधायुर्मतं बालारिष्टं योगजरिष्टकम् । अल्पमध्यमदीर्घं च दिव्यं चामितमेव च ॥ ५२ ॥

Parāśara said: Longevity is held to be sevenfold — bālāriṣṭa (infant-peril), yogaja-ariṣṭa (peril produced by a yoga), short (alpa), middling (madhyama), long (dīrgha), divine (divya), and unlimited (amita).

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 52

Śloka 53 — Year-spans of bālāriṣṭa, yogāriṣṭa, dīrgha and divya āyus

बालारिष्टेऽष्टवर्षाणि नखाब्दा योगरिष्टके । दीर्घं विंशोत्तरशतं दिव्ये दशशताब्दकम् ॥ ५३ ॥

In bālāriṣṭa, eight years; in yogāriṣṭa, twenty years (nakha-years); long life (dīrgha) is a hundred and twenty; in divya, ten hundred (i.e. one thousand) years.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 53

Śloka 53½ (unnumbered half-verse following 53) — Amitāyus — beyond all reckoning, attained only by the meritorious

अमितायुस्ततोऽग्रे स्यात् पुण्यवद्भिरवाप्यते ।

Unlimited longevity (amitāyus) lies beyond even that; it is attained by those possessed of merit.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 53½ (unnumbered half-verse following 53)

Śloka 54 — Amitāyus yoga — Cancer lagna with Moon and Jupiter, Mercury and Venus in kendras

कर्कोदये शशिगुरू केन्द्रगौ बुधभार्गवौ । शेषाखिला भरिपुगा अमितायुःप्रदा ग्रहाः ॥ ५४ ॥

When Cancer rises, with the Moon and Jupiter (there), and Mercury and Venus placed in kendras, and all the remaining grahas gone to the lābha (11th) and the ripu (6th) — these grahas confer unlimited longevity.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 54

Śloka 55 — Divyāyus yoga — malefics in 6th/11th, benefics in kendra-koṇa, benefic sign in the 8th

क्रूराखिला भरिपुगाः केन्द्रकोणगताः शुभाः । निधने शुभराशिस्थे दिव्यायुः स्यान्नरस्तदा ॥ ५५ ॥

All the malefics gone to the lābha (11th) and the ripu (6th), the benefics placed in kendras and koṇas, and the eighth (nidhana) being a benefic's rāśi — then the man is of divine longevity.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 55

Śloka 56 — Life until the end of the yuga — gopurāṃśa Jupiter, pārāvatāṃśa Venus, Cancer lagna

जीवे केन्द्रे गोपुरांशे सिते पारावतांशके । त्रिकोणे कर्कटतनौ जातो जीवेद् युगावधि ॥ ५६ ॥

Jupiter in a kendra in the gopura aṃśa, Venus in a koṇa in the pārāvata aṃśa, and Cancer as the lagna — the one so born lives until the limit of the yuga.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 56

Śloka 57 — Muni-like longevity — pārāvatāṃśa Mars, devalokāṃśa Saturn, siṃhāsanāṃśa Jupiter in lagna

पारावतांशके भौमे देवलोकांशके शनौ । जीवे सिंहासने लग्ने जातको मुनिसन्निभः ॥ ५७ ॥

Mars in the pārāvata aṃśa, Saturn in the devaloka aṃśa, and Jupiter in the siṃhāsana (aṃśa) in the lagna — the native is comparable to a muni (in length of life).

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 57

Śloka 58 — Transition — yogas producing full, middling and short longevity

सुयोगादायुषो वृद्धिः कुयोगाद्धानिरिष्यते । तस्माद्योगा उदीर्यन्ते पूर्णमध्यालपकारकाः ॥ ५८ ॥

From a good yoga there is increase of longevity, and from a bad yoga loss is held to follow; therefore the yogas that produce full, middling and short (life) are now set forth.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 58

Śloka 59 — Pūrṇāyu — benefics in a kendra, lagna lord with a benefic or aspected by Jupiter

सौम्यखेटान्विते केन्द्रे सशुभे लग्नपे सति । किंवा जीवेक्षिते तत्र पूर्णायुः स्यान्नृणां तदा ॥ ५९ ॥

When a kendra is occupied by benefic planets and the lagna lord is together with a benefic, or else is aspected by Jupiter therein, then men have full longevity.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 59

Śloka 60 — Pūrṇāyu — lagna lord in a kendra with or aspected by Jupiter and Venus

लग्नपे केन्द्रगे जीवभार्गवाभ्यां समन्विते । वीक्षिते वा वदेदायुः पूर्णमेव न संशयः ॥ ६० ॥

When the lagna lord is in a kendra, conjoined with Jupiter and Venus, or else aspected by them, one should declare the longevity to be full — there is no doubt.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 60

Śloka 61 — Pūrṇāyu — three exalted grahas with lords of 1 and 8, and a malefic-free 8th

ग्रहैस्त्रिभिस्तु तुङ्गस्थैस्तनुरन्ध्राधिपान्वितैः । पापैर्विवर्जिते मृत्यौ पूर्णायुर्नियतं तदा ॥ ६१ ॥

With three grahas standing in ucca and joined to the lords of the tanu (1st) and the randhra (8th), and the mṛtyu (8th) free of malefics, then full longevity is fixed.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 61

Śloka 62 — Dīrghāyu — three grahas in the 8th in own/ucca/friendly sign, lagna lord strong

त्रिभिर्ग्रहैस्तु रन्ध्रस्थैः स्वर्क्षतुङ्गसुहृद्गगैः । बलाढ्ये लग्नपे चापि दीर्घमायुः स्मृतं तदा ॥ ६२ ॥

With three grahas standing in the randhra (8th) and occupying their own rāśi, their ucca, or a friend's, and the lagna lord also rich in strength, long longevity is then declared.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 62

Śloka 63 — Dīrghāyu — 8th lord or Saturn joined to a graha in own sign or ucca

स्वर्क्षतुङ्गगतेनापि केनचिद् द्युचरेण चेत् । युतो रन्ध्रपतिर्वापि मन्दो दीर्घायुरादिशेत् ॥ ६३ ॥

If the lord of the randhra (8th), or else Saturn, is joined with any sky-mover (graha) that has gone to its own rāśi or its ucca, one should declare long longevity.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 63

Śloka 64 — Dīrghāyu — malefics in 3/6/11, benefics in kendra-koṇa, strong lagna lord

त्र्यरिलाभगतैः क्रूरैः सद्ग्रहैः केन्द्रकोणगैः । बलाढ्ये लग्नपे दीर्घं दिशेदायुरसंशयम् ॥ ६४ ॥

With the malefics gone to the third, the ari (6th) and the lābha (11th), the benefics gone to kendras and koṇas, and the lagna lord rich in strength, one should declare long longevity without doubt.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 64

Śloka 65 — Pūrṇāyu — benefics in 6/7/8, malefics in 3 and 11

मदारिमृत्युभावस्थैर्ग्रहैः सौम्यैर्द्विजोत्तम । दुश्चिक्यायगतैः क्रूरैः पूर्णमायुर्नृणां भवेत् ॥ ६५ ॥

With benefic grahas standing in the mada (7th), ari (6th) and mṛtyu (8th) bhāvas, O best of the twice-born, and the malefics gone to the duścikya (3rd) and the āya (11th), men have full longevity.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 65

Śloka 66 — Pūrṇāyu — malefics in 6 and 12, lagna lord in a kendra, 8th lord a friend of the Sun

क्रूरैररिव्ययगतैः केन्द्रगे लग्नपे सति । मृतिपे सूर्यसुहृदि पूर्णायुः स्यान्न संशयः ॥ ६६ ॥

With the malefics gone to the ari (6th) and the vyaya (12th), the lagna lord being in a kendra, and the lord of the mṛti (8th) being a friend of the Sun, there is full longevity — no doubt of it.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 66

Śloka 67 — Dīrghāyu — malefics in the 8th but the 10th lord in its own exaltation

क्रूरा रन्ध्रस्थिताः कर्मभावेशश्चेत् स्वतुङ्गगः । दीर्घमायुस्तदापि स्याज्जातकस्य न संशयः ॥ ६७ ॥

Malefics stationed in the randhra (8th), yet if the lord of the karma bhāva (10th) has gone to its own ucca — even then the native has long longevity, without doubt.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 67

Śloka 68 — Dīrghāyu — dual-sign lagna with lagna lord in kendra / own sign / ucca / koṇa

द्विस्वभावस्थिते लग्ने लग्नपे केन्द्रगे सति । स्वर्क्षे तुङ्गे त्रिकोणे वा दीर्घायुर्जायते जनः ॥ ६८ ॥

When the lagna stands in a dual (dvisvabhāva) rāśi and the lagna lord is in a kendra, or in its own rāśi, or in its ucca, or in a trikoṇa, the person born is long-lived.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 68

Śloka 69 — Dīrghāyu — dual lagna, strong lagna lord, two malefics in kendras from it

तनौ तु द्विस्वभावस्थे बलिनो लग्नपाद्यदि । क्रूरौ केन्द्रगतौ स्यातां तर्हि दीर्घायुरादिशेत् ॥ ६९ ॥

But when the tanu (lagna) stands in a dual rāśi, if two malefics come to be in kendras reckoned from a strong lagna lord, then one should declare long longevity.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 69

Śloka 70 — The stronger of lagna lord / 8th lord in a kendra gives dīrghāyu

लग्नरन्ध्रपयोर्मध्ये ग्रहो यः स्याद् बलाधिकः । तस्मिंश्च केन्द्रगे दीर्घमायुर्जातस्य निश्चितम् ॥ ७० ॥

Between the lord of the lagna and the lord of the randhra (8th), whichever graha is the greater in strength — when that one is in a kendra, long longevity is certain for the one born.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 70

Śloka 71 — Same graha in paṇaphara = madhya, in āpoklima = alpa; plus lagna-lord friendship with the Sun

मध्यमं स्यात् पणफरे स्थिते आपोक्लिमेऽल्पकम् । लग्नपे सूर्यसुहृदि स्याद्दीर्घं तु समे समम् ॥ ७१ ॥

If it stands in a paṇaphara, (the longevity) is middling; in an āpoklima, short. When the lagna lord is a friend of the Sun there is long life; when neutral (sama), middling.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 71

Śloka 72 — Enemy relation = alpāyu; apply the same test from the 8th lord

स्वल्पमायू रिपौ तद्वद्ध्येयं रन्ध्राधिपादपि । सुहृत्समारिराशिस्थे तत्रैवं फलमादिशेत् ॥ ७२ ॥

If (the lagna lord is) an enemy (of the Sun), very short longevity; in the same way it is to be considered from the lord of the randhra (8th) also. According as (the graha) stands in a friend's, a neutral's, or an enemy's rāśi, one should declare the result there in just this manner.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 72

Śloka 73 — Alpāyu — 3rd lord and Mars, or 8th lord and Saturn, afflicted or combust

विक्रमेशकुजौ द्वौ वा मृत्युनाथार्कनन्दनौ । क्रूरेक्षितयुतावस्तौ वा तदल्पायुरादिशेत् ॥ ७३ ॥

The two — the lord of the vikrama (3rd) and Mars — or the two, the lord of the mṛtyu (8th) and Saturn (the Sun's son): if they are aspected by or conjoined with malefics, or are set (combust), then one should declare short longevity.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 73

Śloka 74 — Alpāyu or childlessness — lagna lord in 6/8/12 with malefics and no benefic help

रिपौ रन्ध्रेऽथवा रिष्फे सक्रूरे लग्नपे सति । सद्दृष्टियुतिहीने तु स्वल्पायुर्वाप्यसन्ततिः ॥ ७४ ॥

When the lagna lord is in the ripu (6th), the randhra (8th), or the riṣpha (12th) together with a malefic, and is destitute of benefic aspect and benefic conjunction, then there is very short longevity, or else childlessness.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 74

Śloka 75 — Alpāyu — malefics in kendras unaspected by benefics, weak lagna lord

यदि केन्द्रगताः क्रूराः सौम्यखेटैरवीक्षिताः । निर्बलो लग्नपश्च स्यात् जातोऽत्राल्पायुरीरितः ॥ ७५ ॥

If malefics have gone to the kendras and are unaspected by benefic planets, and the lagna lord too be devoid of strength, the one born under this is declared short-lived.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 75

Śloka 76 — Alpāyu — malefics in the 2nd and 12th with no benefic aspect or conjunction

धने सपापे रिष्फे च सद्ग्रहेक्षणवर्जिते । सत्खेटयुतिहीने च स्वल्पमायुर्विनिर्दिशेत् ॥ ७६ ॥

When the dhana (2nd) and the riṣpha (12th) hold malefics and are bereft of the aspect of benefic grahas and destitute of conjunction with benefic planets, one should declare very short longevity.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 76

Śloka 77 — Alpāyu from weak/combust/debilitated 1st and 8th lords; mixed yogas give madhyāyu

निर्बलौ लग्नमृतिपावस्तनीचादिगौ यदि । तदल्पायुः, सदसतोर्योगान्मध्यायुरीरितम् ॥ ७७ ॥

If the lords of the lagna and of the mṛti (8th) are both devoid of strength, and are combust, in nīca, and so forth, then short longevity; but from a combination of the good and the bad, middling longevity is declared.

BPHS Adhyāya 44, śloka 77